Robust Processing of Small-Molecule:Fullerene Organic Solar Cells via Use of Nucleating Agents

TitleRobust Processing of Small-Molecule:Fullerene Organic Solar Cells via Use of Nucleating Agents
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2018
AuthorsTreat, Neil D., Obadiah G. Reid, Sarah Fearn, Garry Rumbles, Craig J. Hawker, Michael L. Chabinyc, and Natalie Stingelin
JournalACS Applied Energy Materials
Volume1
Pagination1973–1980
Abstract

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small-molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells is highly sensitive to the “ink” formulation used to produce the photoactive layer. Here we demonstrate that the addition of nucleating agents renders device fabrication notably less susceptible to the ink composition, promising a route toward more robust processing of efficient devices over large areas and enabling more facile materials screening. We selected as a model system blends of 7,7-[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5-hexyl-[2,2-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole](p-DTS(FBTTh2)2) as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor because this is one of the small-molecule OPV blends with a device performance that is most sensitive to ink formulation, especially when used with the processing aid diiodooctane (DIO). Addition of DIO is essential to obtain high device performances; however, a notable increase in device performance is only achieved over a very narrow DIO content regime. Use of nucleating agents drastically changes this situation and leads to well-performing devices even at extreme levels of DIO. We thus start to address here one of the great challenges in organic solar cell research: the fact that, too often, only a very limited composition range leads to high efficiency devices. This means that for every new donor or acceptor a multitude of formulations have to be tested, including in combination with processing aids, to ensure that promising materials are not overlooked. The use of nucleating agents, thus, promises to render materials discovery more straightforward as this dependency of device performance with composition can be reduced.

URLhttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b00082
DOI10.1021/acsaem.8b00082