@article {1411,
	title = {Direct measurements of slip irreversibility in a nickel-based superalloy using high resolution digital image correlation},
	journal = {Acta Materialia},
	volume = {186},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {172{\textendash}189},
	abstract = {<p>
	Fatigue crack nucleation in crystalline materials typically develops due to highly localized cyclic slip. During a fatigue cycle, reverse slip differs locally from slip in the forward direction particularly in precipitate-containing materials such as superalloys. In this paper we report the first direct measurements of irreversibility at the scale of individual slip bands by high-resolution digital image correlation (DIC) in a polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy. Quantitative measurements of the slip irreversibility are challenging for regions of material that have a size that captures the microstructure and its variability. High spatial resolution at the nanometer scale during experimental measurements is needed to observe slip localization during deformation. Moreover, large fields are also needed to obtain the material response over statistically representative populations of microstructural configurations. Recently, high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) digital image correlation (DIC) has been extended for quantitative analysis of discontinuities induced by slip events using the Heaviside-DIC method. This novel method provides quantitative measurements of slip localization at the specimen surface. In this paper, the Heaviside-DIC method is used to measure slip irreversibility and plastic strain accumulation in a nickel-based superalloy. The method detects bands with high levels of irreversibility early in cycling that ultimately form fatigue cracks upon further cycling. The local microstructural configurations that induce large amounts of plasticity and slip irreversibility are correlated to crack nucleation locations.
</p>
},
	keywords = {Heaviside-digital image correlation, High resolution digital image correlation, Low cycle fatigue, Polycrystalline Ren{\'e} 88DT nickel-based superalloy, Scanning electron microscopy digital image correlation, Slip irreversibility, Strain localization and accumulation},
	issn = {13596454},
	doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2019.12.009},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.12.009},
	author = {Stinville, J. C. and Callahan, P. G. and Charpagne, M. A. and Echlin, M. P. and Valle, V. and Pollock, T. M.}
}
@article {1436,
	title = {Measurements of plastic localization by heaviside-digital image correlation},
	journal = {Acta Materialia},
	volume = {157},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {307{\textendash}325},
	abstract = {<p>
	In polycrystalline metallic materials, quantitative and statistical assessment of the plasticity in relation to the microstructure is necessary to understand the deformation processes during mechanical loading. Plastic deformation often localizes into physical slip bands at the sub-grain scale. Detrimental microstructural configurations that result in the formation and evolution of slip bands during loading require advanced strain mapping techniques for the identification of these atomically sharp discontinuities. A new discontinuity-tolerant DIC method, Heaviside-DIC, has been developed to account for discontinuities in the displacement field. Displacement fields have been measured at the scale of the physical slip bands over large areas in nickel-based superalloys by high resolution scanning electron microscopy digital image correlation (SEM DIC). However, conventional DIC methods cannot quantitatively measure plastic localization in the presence of discontinuous kinematic fields such as those produced by slip bands. The Heaviside-DIC technique can autonomously detect discontinuities, providing information about their location, inclination, and identify slip systems (in combination with orientation mapping). Using Heaviside-DIC, discontinuities are physically evaluated as sharp shear-localization events, allowing for the quantitative measure of strain amplitude nearby the discontinuities. Measurements using the new Heaviside-DIC technique are compared to conventional DIC methods for identical materials and imaging conditions.
</p>
},
	keywords = {Discontinuities measurements, High resolution digital image correlation, Ren{\'e} 88DT polycrystalline superalloy, Scanning electron microscopy, Slip band offset, Slip band shearing, Slip system identification, Strain localization},
	issn = {13596454},
	doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.013},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.013},
	author = {Bourdin, F. and Stinville, J. C. and Echlin, M. P. and Callahan, P. G. and Lenthe, W. C. and Torbet, C. J. and Texier, D. and Bridier, F. and Cormier, J. and Villechaise, P. and Pollock, T. M. and Valle, V.}
}
