@article {2206, title = {Analysis of the high cracking resistance of a Co Ni superalloy during laser additive manufacturing}, journal = {Scripta Materialia}, volume = {239}, year = {2024}, pages = {115770}, abstract = {

A newly developed CoNi-based superalloy is demonstrated to be tolerant of a wide range of laser powder bed fusion print conditions, with limited defect content and high relative densities. These promising traits motivated investigation of the structural uniformity in samples printed at the upper end of the scan velocity processing window (\>Image 1). A new misorientation metric, starting reference orientation deviation (SROD), was calculated from Image 2-scale 3D microstructure information to examine structure evolution during epitaxial growth of columnar grains. Misorientations of \>20\° were observed within the large columnar grains that grew through multiple build layers. The SROD observations highlight the CoNi superalloy\&$\#$39;s ability to plastically deform to high levels, as evidenced by misorientation gradients, across the range of temperatures experienced in laser additive manufacturing. Misorientation gradients within the columnar grain structure are high relative to Ni base superalloys, allowing for strengthening with high volume fractions of L12 precipitates.

}, keywords = {3D EBSD, Rapid solidification, Superalloy}, issn = {1359-6462}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115770}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359646223004918}, author = {James Lamb and Kira M. Pusch and Andrew T. Polonsky and St{\'e}phane A.J. Forsik and Ning Zhou and Austin D. Dicus and Remco Geurts and McLean P. Echlin and Tresa M. Pollock} } @article {2211, title = {Rapid Screening of Single Phase Refractory Alloys Under Laser Melting Conditions}, journal = {Materials \& Design}, year = {2024}, pages = {112726}, abstract = {

Refractory alloys can be difficult to fabricate by laser-based manufacturing methods due to their high melting temperatures, high interstitial solubility, and propensity for low temperature brittleness. Laser-based processes, such as welding and additive manufacturing (AM), yield similar populations of defects, including microsegregation and solidification and solid-state cracking. Given the extreme challenges and cost associated with the production of refractory powders, this research aimed to develop a rapid screening methodology that combines predictive defect formation metrics with single track melting experiments. A flexible single laser track melting platform was designed to perform screening experiments on conventional and multi-principal element refractory alloys across a wide range of laser energy inputs. The platform was employed to investigate laser melting on solid substrates, or on a substrate with a single layer of powder feedstock, and is demonstrated with the highly fabricable Nb-base alloy C103. Preliminary investigations are performed on refractory multi-principal element alloys in the Hf-Mo-Nb-Ta-Ti family, and significant differences in cracking resistance and solidification morphology are observed. Implications for future alloy design and processing strategies for defect-resistant refractory alloys for AM are discussed.

}, keywords = {Additive manufacturing, high entropy alloy, multi-principal element alloy, refractory alloys, solid-state cracking, solidification cracking}, issn = {0264-1275}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112726}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524000984}, author = {Kaitlyn M. Mullin and Carolina Frey and James Lamb and Sophia K. Wu and McLean P. Echlin and Tresa M. Pollock} } @article {1866, title = {Dislocation cells in additively manufactured metallic alloys characterized by electron backscatter diffraction pattern sharpness}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {197}, year = {2023}, month = {03}, pages = {112673}, doi = {10.1016/j.matchar.2023.112673}, author = {Wang, Fulin and Stinville, Jean-Charles and Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Echlin, Mclean and Agnew, Sean and Pollock, Tresa and Graef, Marc and Gianola, Daniel} } @article {1846, title = {Inducing skyrmion flop transitions in Co 8 Zn 8 Mn 4 at room temperature}, journal = {Physical Review Materials}, volume = {7}, year = {2023}, month = {04}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.044401}, author = {Meynell, Simon and Eggeler, Yolita and Bocarsly, Joshua and Kitchaev, Daniil and Rhodes, Bailey and Pollock, Tresa and Wilson, Stephen and Ven, Anton and Seshadri, Ram and Graef, Marc and Jayich, Ania and Gianola, Daniel} } @article {1841, title = {Insights into Plastic Localization by Crystallographic Slip from Emerging Experimental and Numerical Approaches}, journal = {Annual Review of Materials Research}, volume = {53}, year = {2023}, month = {07}, pages = {275-317}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-matsci-080921-102621}, author = {Stinville, Jean-Charles and Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Maa{\ss}, Robert and Proudhon, Henry and Ludwig, W. and Callahan, P.G. and Wang, Fulin and Beyerlein, I.J. and Echlin, M.P. and Pollock, T.m.} } @article {1881, title = {Morphological Stability of Solid-Liquid Interfaces Under Additive Manufacturing Conditions}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {250}, year = {2023}, month = {03}, pages = {118858}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2023.118858}, author = {Tourret, Damien and Klemm-Toole, Jonah and Eres-Castellanos, Adriana and Rodgers, Brian and Becker, Gus and Saville, Alec and Ellyson, Ben and Johnson, Chloe and Milligan, Brian and Copley, John and Ochoa, Ruben and Polonsky, Andrew and Pusch, Kira and Haines, Michael and Fezzaa, Kamel and Sun, Tao and Clarke, Kester and Babu, Suresh and Pollock, Tresa and Clarke, Amy} } @article {1831, title = {Perspective: Large Language Models in Applied Mechanics}, journal = {Journal of Applied Mechanics}, volume = {90}, year = {2023}, month = {06}, pages = {1-12}, doi = {10.1115/1.4062773}, author = {Brodnik, Neal and Carton, Samuel and Muir, Caelin and Ghosh, Satanu and Downey, Doug and Echlin, Mclean and Pollock, Tresa and Daly, Samantha} } @article {1851, title = {Perspective: Machine learning in experimental solid mechanics}, journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids}, volume = {173}, year = {2023}, month = {04}, pages = {105231}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105231}, author = {Brodnik, N.R. and Muir, C. and Tulshibagwale, N. and Rossin, J. and Echlin, M.P. and Hamel, C.M. and Kramer, S.L.B. and Pollock, T.m. and Kiser, J.D. and Smith, C. and Daly, S.H.} } @conference {1836, title = {Titanium 3D Microstructure for Physics-based Generative Models: A Dataset and Primer}, year = {2023}, month = {07}, author = {Jangid, Devendra and Brodnik, Neal and Echlin, Mclean and Daly, Samantha and Pollock, Tresa and Manjunath, B.} } @article {2016, title = {3D Grain Shape Generation in Polycrystals Using Generative Adversarial Networks}, journal = {Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation}, volume = {11}, year = {2022}, month = {01}, doi = {10.1007/s40192-021-00244-1}, author = {Jangid, Devendra and Brodnik, Neal and Khan, Amil and Goebel, Michael and Echlin, Mclean and Pollock, Tresa and Daly, Samantha and Manjunath, B.} } @article {1911, title = {Adaptable physics-based super-resolution for electron backscatter diffraction maps}, journal = {npj Computational Materials}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {12}, doi = {10.1038/s41524-022-00924-2}, author = {Jangid, Devendra and Brodnik, Neal and Goebel, Michael and Khan, Amil and Majeti, SaiSidharth and Echlin, Mclean and Daly, Samantha and Pollock, Tresa and Manjunath, B.} } @article {1986, title = {Boundary characterization using 3D mapping of geometrically necessary dislocations in AM Ta microstructure}, journal = {Journal of Materials Science}, volume = {57}, year = {2022}, month = {06}, doi = {10.1007/s10853-022-07074-2}, author = {Witzen, Wyatt and Polonsky, Andrew and Rottmann, Paul and Pusch, Kira and Echlin, Mclean and Pollock, Tresa and Beyerlein, Irene} } @article {1971, title = {Merging Machine Learning and TriBeam Tomography for 3D Defect Detection in an AM CoNi-Based Superalloy}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {28}, year = {2022}, month = {08}, pages = {862-863}, doi = {10.1017/S1431927622003828}, author = {Lamb, James and Echlin, Mclean and Polonsky, Andrew and Geurts, Remco and Pusch, Kira and Raeker, Evan and Botman, Aurelien and Torbet, Chris and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {1966, title = {Multi-modal Dataset of a Polycrystalline Metallic Material: 3D Microstructure and Deformation Fields}, journal = {Scientific Data}, volume = {9}, year = {2022}, month = {08}, doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01525-w}, author = {Stinville, Jean-Charles and Hestroffer, Jonathan and Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Polonsky, Andrew and Echlin, M. and Torbet, Chris and Valle, Valery and Nygren, K. and Miller, M. and Klaas, Ottmar and Loghin, Adrian and Beyerlein, I. and Pollock, T.} } @article {2006, title = {Observation of bulk plasticity in a polycrystalline titanium alloy by diffraction contrast tomography and topotomography}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {188}, year = {2022}, month = {04}, pages = {111891}, doi = {10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111891}, author = {Stinville, Jean-Charles and Ludwig, Wolfgang and Callahan, P.G. and Echlin, M.P. and Valle, Valery and Pollock, T.m. and Proudhon, Henry} } @article {1976, title = {Observations of Damage, Defects, and Structuring in Femtosecond Laser Ablated Surfaces}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {28}, year = {2022}, month = {08}, pages = {872-873}, doi = {10.1017/S1431927622003865}, author = {Echlin, Mclean and Polonsky, Andrew and Lenthe, Will and Titus, Mike and Geurts, Remco and Botman, Aurelien and Straw, Marcus and Gumbsch, Peter and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {1991, title = {Scan strategies in EBM-printed IN718 and the physics of bulk 3D microstructure development}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {190}, year = {2022}, month = {06}, pages = {112043}, doi = {10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112043}, author = {Polonsky, Andrew and Raghavan, Narendran and Echlin, Mclean and Kirka, M. and Dehoff, Ryan and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {1936, title = {Subgrain geometrically necessary dislocation density mapping in spalled Ta in three dimensions}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {244}, year = {2022}, month = {11}, pages = {118366}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118366}, author = {Witzen, Wyatt and Echlin, Mclean and Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Pollock, Tresa and Beyerlein, Irene} } @article {1926, title = {Temperature-dependent tensile behavior of the HfNbTaTiZr multi-principal element alloy}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {245}, year = {2022}, month = {12}, pages = {118618}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118618}, author = {Mills, Leah and Emigh, Megan and Frey, Carolina and Philips, Noah and Murray, Sean and Shin, Jungho and Gianola, Daniel and Pollock, Tresa} } @conference {2061, title = {3D Characterization of the Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Additively Manufactured Inconel 718.}, year = {2021}, month = {09}, doi = {10.2172/1886524}, author = {Polonsky, Andrew and Raghavan, Narendran and Echlin, Mclean and Kirka, Michael and Dehoff, Ryan and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {2101, title = {Corrigendum to {\textquotedblleft}Defects and 3D structural inhomogeneity in electron beam additively manufactured Inconel 718{\textquotedblright} [Materials Characterization 143 (2018) 171{\textendash}181]}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {176}, year = {2021}, month = {06}, pages = {111069}, doi = {10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111069}, author = {Polonsky, Andrew and Echlin, Mclean and Lenthe, William and Dehoff, Ryan and Kirka, M. and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {1686, title = {Electron backscattered diffraction using a new monolithic direct detector: High resolution and fast acquisition}, journal = {Ultramicroscopy}, volume = {220}, year = {2021}, pages = {113160}, abstract = {

A monolithic active pixel sensor based direct detector that is optimized for the primary beam energies in scanning electron microscopes is implemented for electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) applications. The high detection efficiency of the detector and its large array of pixels allow sensitive and accurate detection of Kikuchi bands arising from primary electron beam excitation energies of 4 keV to 28 keV, with the optimal contrast occurring in the range of 8\–16 keV. The diffraction pattern acquisition speed is substantially improved via a sparse sampling mode, resulting from the acquisition of a reduced number of pixels on the detector. Standard inpainting algorithms are implemented to effectively estimate the information in the skipped regions in the acquired diffraction pattern. For EBSD mapping, an acquisition speed as high as 5988 scan points per second is demonstrated, with a tolerable fraction of indexed points and accuracy. The collective capabilities spanning from high angular resolution EBSD patterns to high speed pattern acquisition are achieved on the same detector, facilitating simultaneous detection modalities that enable a multitude of advanced EBSD applications, including lattice strain mapping, structural refinement, low-dose characterization, 3D-EBSD and dynamic in situ EBSD.

}, keywords = {Direct detection, EBSD, Indexing, Inpainting, SEM, Sparse sampling}, issn = {18792723}, doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113160}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113160}, author = {Wang, Fulin and Echlin, Mclean P. and Taylor, Aidan A. and Shin, Jungho and Bammes, Benjamin and Levin, Barnaby D.A. and De Graef, Marc and Pollock, Tresa M. and Gianola, Daniel S.} } @article {1661, title = {Influence of plastic deformation on the magnetic properties of Heusler MnAu2Al}, journal = {Phys. Rev. Materials}, volume = {5}, year = {2021}, month = {01/2021}, chapter = {014408}, abstract = {

The Heulser intermetallic\ MnAu2Al\ is shown to undergo a dramatic change in net magnetization in response to plastic deformation. A mechanism is proposed involving antiferromagnetic interactions in the otherwise ferromagnetic compound (when ordered) that arise due to chemical changes at the antiphase boundaries created by the deformation. The coupling between chemical and magnetic order across antiphase boundaries is likely to occur in other ordered magnetic systems and may provide an explanation for otherwise anomalous magnetic behavior across several systems, including other Heusler intermetallics.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.5.014408}, url = {https://journals.aps.org/prmaterials/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.5.014408}, author = {Levin, Emily E. and Kitchaev, Daniil A. and Eggeler, Yolita M and Mayer, Justin A. and Behera, Piush and Gianola, Daniel S. and Van der Ven, Anton and Pollock, Tresa M. and Seshadri, Ram} } @article {2156, title = {On the Localization of Plastic Strain in Microtextured Regions of Ti-6Al-4V}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {204}, year = {2021}, month = {02}, pages = {116492}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116492}, author = {Cappola, Jonathan and Stinville, Jean-Charles and Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Callahan, Patrick and Echlin, Mclean and Pollock, Tresa and Pilchak, Adam and Kasemer, Matthew} } @article {2146, title = {Mechanical Metrics of Virtual Polycrystals (MechMet)}, journal = {Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, month = {04}, pages = {1-21}, doi = {10.1007/s40192-021-00206-7}, author = {Dawson, Paul and Miller, Matthew and Pollock, Tresa and Wendorf, Joe and Mills, Leah and Stinville, Jean-Charles and Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Echlin, Mclean} } @article {2141, title = {Microstructure-Based Estimation of Strength and Ductility Distributions for α+β Titanium Alloys}, journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A}, year = {2021}, month = {04}, doi = {10.1007/s11661-021-06233-5}, author = {Echlin, Mclean and Kasemer, Matthew and Chatterjee, Kamalika and Boyce, Donald and Stinville, Jean-Charles and Callahan, Patrick and Wielewski, Euan and Park, Jun-Sang and Williams, James and Suter, Robert and Pollock, Tresa and Miller, Matthew and Dawson, Paul} } @article {2131, title = {Multimodal 3D Characterization of Voids in Shock-Loaded Tantalum: Implications for Ductile Spallation Mechanisms}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {215}, year = {2021}, month = {06}, pages = {117057}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117057}, author = {Francis, Toby and Rottmann, Paul and Polonsky, Andrew and Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Echlin, Mclean and Livescu, Veronica and Jones, David and Gray, G. and Graef, Marc and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {2051, title = {A Multi-modal Data Merging Framework for Correlative Investigation of Strain Localization in Three Dimensions}, journal = {JOM}, volume = {73}, year = {2021}, month = {09}, doi = {10.1007/s11837-021-04894-6}, author = {Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Stinville, Jean-Charles and Polonsky, Andrew and Echlin, M. and Pollock, T.} } @article {1761, title = {Precipitate Shearing, Fault Energies, and Solute Segregation to Planar Faults in Ni-, CoNi-, and Co-Base Superalloys}, journal = {Annual Review of Materials Research}, volume = {51}, year = {2021}, pages = {209-240}, abstract = {

The mechanical properties of superalloys are strongly governed by the resistance to shearing of ordered precipitates by dislocations. In the operating environments of superalloys, the stresses and temperatures present during thermomechanical loading influence the dislocation shearing dynamics, which involve diffusion and segregation processes that result in a diverse array of planar defects in the ordered L12 \γ\′ precipitate phase. This review discusses the current understanding of high-temperature deformation mechanisms of \γ\′ precipitates in two-phase Ni-, Co-, and CoNi-base superalloys. The sensitivity of planar fault energies to chemical composition results in a variety of unique deformation mechanisms, and methods to determine fault energies are therefore reviewed. The degree of chemical segregation in the vicinity of planar defects reveals an apparent phase transformation within the parent \γ\′ phase. The kinetics of segregation to linear and planar defects play a significant role in high-temperature properties. Understanding and controlling fault energies and the associated dislocation dynamics provide a new pathway for the design of superalloys with exceptional properties.

}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-matsci-102419-011433}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-102419-011433}, author = {Eggeler, Y.M. and Vamsi, K.V. and Pollock, T.m.} } @article {2046, title = {Recent Developments in Femtosecond Laser-Enabled TriBeam Systems}, journal = {JOM}, volume = {73}, year = {2021}, month = {11}, pages = {1-12}, doi = {10.1007/s11837-021-04919-0}, author = {Echlin, Mclean and Polonsky, Andrew and Lamb, James and Geurts, Remco and Randolph, Steven and Botman, Aurelien and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {2106, title = {Slip localization in Inconel 718: A three-dimensional and statistical perspective}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {215}, year = {2021}, month = {06}, pages = {117037}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117037}, author = {Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Hestroffer, Jonathan and Polonsky, Andrew and Echlin, M.P. and Texier, Damien and Valle, Valery and Beyerlein, I.J. and Pollock, T.m. and Stinville, Jean-Charles} } @article {2071, title = {Strain Localization and Fatigue Crack Formation at ( 0001 ) Twist Boundaries in Titanium Alloys}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {219}, year = {2021}, month = {08}, pages = {117227}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117227}, author = {H{\'e}mery, Samuel and Stinville, Jean-Charles and Wang, Fulin and Charpagne, Marie-agathe and Emigh, M.G. and Pollock, T.m. and Valle, Valery} } @article {2116, title = {TriBeam tomography and microstructure evolution in additively manufactured Alnico magnets}, journal = {Materials Today}, volume = {49}, year = {2021}, month = {06}, doi = {10.1016/j.mattod.2021.05.003}, author = {Rottmann, Paul and Polonsky, Andrew and Francis, Toby and Emigh, Megan and Krispin, Michael and Rieger, Gotthard and Echlin, Mclean and Levi, Carlos and Pollock, Tresa} } @conference {1596, title = {3D Characterization of the Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Additively Manufactured Inconel 718}, booktitle = {Superalloys 2020}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {

Additive manufacturing (AM) provides enormous process- ing flexibility, enabling novel part geometries and opti- mized designs. Access to a local heat source further per- mits the potential for local microstructure control on the scale of individual melt pools, which can enable local con- trol of part properties. In order to design tailored process- ing strategies for target microstructures, models predict- ing the columnar-to-equiaxed transition must be extended to the high solidification velocities and complex thermal histories present in AM. Here, we combine 3D charac- terization with advanced modeling techniques to develop a more complete understanding of the solidification pro- cess and evolution of microstructure during electron beam melting (EBM) of Inconel 718. Full calibration of existing microstructure prediction models demonstrates the differ- ences between AM processes and more conventional weld- ing techniques, underlying the need for accurate deter- mination of key parameters that can only be measured directly in 3D. The ability to combine multisensor data in a consistent 3D framework via data fusion algorithms is essential to fully leverage these advanced characteriza- tion approaches. Thermal modeling provides insight on microstructure development within isolated solidification events and demonstrates the role of Marangoni effects on controlling solidification behavior.

}, keywords = {Additive manufacturing, Microstructure, Solidification, Tomography}, isbn = {9783030518349}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-51834-9}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51834-9_65}, author = {Polonsky, Andrew T. and Raghavan, Narendran and Echlin, Mclean P. and Kirka, Michael M. and Dehoff, Ryan R. and Pollock, Tresa M.}, editor = {Tin, Sammy and Hardy, Mark and Clews, Justin and Cormier, Jonathan and Feng, Qiang and Marcin, John and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Chris and Suzuki, Akane} } @inbook {1531, title = {Acquisition of 3D Data for Prediction of Monotonic and Cyclic Properties of Superalloys}, booktitle = {Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME): Advancing Computational and Experimental Methods}, year = {2020}, pages = {1{\textendash}18}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

The component design and fatigue life prediction of turbine disk alloys are critically dependent on the thermomechanical properties of the material. The TriBeam microscope provides a pathway to capture large, targeted 3D microstructural data volumes from turbine disk alloys in order to instantiate models that are used to simulate mechanical loading and assess material properties. The TriBeam experiments used to capture the microstructure, the analysis methods, data requirements, and future needs for 3D infrastructure will be discussed.

}, isbn = {978-3-030-40562-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-40562-5_1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40562-5_1}, author = {Echlin, Mclean P. and Lenthe, William C. and Stinville, Jean-Charles and Pollock, Tresa M.}, editor = {Ghosh, Somnath and Woodward, Christopher and Przybyla, Craig} } @article {1571, title = {Design of Nickel-Cobalt-Ruthenium Multi-Principal Element Alloys}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, year = {2020}, pages = {16013}, keywords = {Alloy design, Density functional theory, High Entropy Alloys, planar fault energies, TRIP, TWIP}, issn = {1359-6454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2020.05.003}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.05.003}, author = {Charpagne, M A and Vamsi, K V and Eggeler, Y M and Murray, S P and Frey, C and Kolli, S K and Pollock, T M} } @article {1411, title = {Direct measurements of slip irreversibility in a nickel-based superalloy using high resolution digital image correlation}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {186}, year = {2020}, pages = {172{\textendash}189}, abstract = {

Fatigue crack nucleation in crystalline materials typically develops due to highly localized cyclic slip. During a fatigue cycle, reverse slip differs locally from slip in the forward direction particularly in precipitate-containing materials such as superalloys. In this paper we report the first direct measurements of irreversibility at the scale of individual slip bands by high-resolution digital image correlation (DIC) in a polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy. Quantitative measurements of the slip irreversibility are challenging for regions of material that have a size that captures the microstructure and its variability. High spatial resolution at the nanometer scale during experimental measurements is needed to observe slip localization during deformation. Moreover, large fields are also needed to obtain the material response over statistically representative populations of microstructural configurations. Recently, high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) digital image correlation (DIC) has been extended for quantitative analysis of discontinuities induced by slip events using the Heaviside-DIC method. This novel method provides quantitative measurements of slip localization at the specimen surface. In this paper, the Heaviside-DIC method is used to measure slip irreversibility and plastic strain accumulation in a nickel-based superalloy. The method detects bands with high levels of irreversibility early in cycling that ultimately form fatigue cracks upon further cycling. The local microstructural configurations that induce large amounts of plasticity and slip irreversibility are correlated to crack nucleation locations.

}, keywords = {Heaviside-digital image correlation, High resolution digital image correlation, Low cycle fatigue, Polycrystalline Ren{\'e} 88DT nickel-based superalloy, Scanning electron microscopy digital image correlation, Slip irreversibility, Strain localization and accumulation}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2019.12.009}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.12.009}, author = {Stinville, J. C. and Callahan, P. G. and Charpagne, M. A. and Echlin, M. P. and Valle, V. and Pollock, T. M.} } @article {1576, title = {Growth accidents induced by primary γ{\textquoteright} precipitates in a polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy}, journal = {Scripta Materialia}, volume = {186}, year = {2020}, pages = {1{\textendash}5}, keywords = {3D EBSD, Annealing twin boundaries, Critical recrystallization, Nickel-base superalloy, Recrystallization}, issn = {1359-6462}, doi = {10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.05.020}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.05.020}, author = {Charpagne, M A and Polonsky, A T and Echlin, M P and Jacomet, S and De Jaeger, J and De Graef, M and Bozzolo, N and Pollock, T M} } @article {1631, title = {Growth accidents induced by primary γ' precipitates in a polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy}, journal = {Scripta Materialia}, volume = {186}, year = {2020}, month = {09/2020}, pages = {109-113}, abstract = {

The development of overgrown grains during sub-solvus annealing of a polycrystalline\ \γ\−\γ\′\ nickel-base alloy is investigated, with special emphasis on the primary\ \γ\′ precipitates. Quantitative analysis conducted on a large three-dimensional electron back-scattered diffraction dataset reveals a high fraction of\ \γ\′ precipitates on the annealing twin boundaries in the large grains. When observed in-situ in a scanning electron microscope, the formation of annealing twins is correlated to the crossing of\ \γ\′ precipitates by moving grain boundaries. The role of precipitates in the occurrence of growth accidents is discussed.

}, keywords = {3D EBSD, Annealing twin boundaries, Critical recrystallization, Nickel-base superalloy, Recrystallization}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.05.020}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359646220302979$\#$fig0005}, author = {M.A. Charpagne and A.T. Polonsky and M.P. Echlin and S. Jacomet and J. de Jaeger and M. De Graef and N. Bozzolo and T.M. Pollock} } @article {1626, title = {Measurement of elastic and rotation fields during irreversible deformation using Heaviside-digital image correlation}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {169}, year = {2020}, month = {11/2020}, pages = {110600}, abstract = {

The recent development of the high resolution and discontinuity-tolerant digital image correlation technique enables the extraction of discontinuities within a displacement field. The technique provides quantitative analysis of discontinuities arising from slip, shear bands, cracks, and grain boundary sliding in a variety of material systems, including polycrystalline metallic materials. The discontinuity-tolerant digital image correlation method can be implemented to retrieve not only quantitative discontinuity analysis but also the local strain and rotation fields that operate near these discontinuities. The present implementation includes high-resolution digital image correlation (HR-DIC) measurements collected in a scanning electron microscope for analysis of both the plastic and elastic fields that develop during deformation of polycrystalline metallic materials. The combination of the discontinuity-tolerant DIC technique with the computation of internal gradients enables extraction of non-localized strain and rotation fields during plastic deformation of a nickel-based superalloy. Therefore the lattice rotation/expansion and plastic localization that occur during deformation can be determined in a single experiment. This method is validated using synthetic images with preset deformation, and experimental measurements using the electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) technique.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110600}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1044580320320714}, author = {J.C. Stinville and M.A. Charpagne and F. Bourdin and P.G. Callahan and Z. Chen and M.P. Echlin and D. Texier and J. Cormier and P. Villechaise and T.M. Pollock and V. Valle} } @article {1526, title = {Non-destructive evaluation of 3D microstructure evolution in strontium titanate}, journal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography}, volume = {53}, year = {2020}, pages = {1{\textendash}11}, abstract = {

Nondestructive X-ray diffraction contrast tomography imaging was used to characterize the microstructure evolution in a polycrystalline bulk strontium titanate specimen. Simultaneous acquisition of diffraction and absorption information allows for the reconstruction of shape and orientation of more than 800 grains in the specimen as well as porosity. Three-dimensional microstructure reconstructions of two coarsening states of the same specimen are presented alongside a detailed exploration of the crystallographic, topological and morphological characteristics of the evolving microstructure. The overall analysis of the 3D structure shows a clear signature of the grain boundary anisotropy, which can be correlated to surface energy anisotropy: the grain boundary plane distribution function shows an excess of {\textlangle}100{\textrangle}-oriented interfaces with respect to a random structure. The results are discussed in the context of interface property anisotropy effects.

}, keywords = {3d materials, contrast tomography, diffraction, grain growth, microstructure evolution, nondestructive x-ray diffraction contrast, science, strontium titanate, to, tomography imaging was used}, doi = {10.1107/S160057672000093X}, author = {Trenkle, Andreas and Syha, Melanie and Rheinheimer, Wolfgang and Callahan, Patrick and Nhuyen, Lily and Ludwig, Wolfgang and Lenthe, William and Echlin, Mclean and Pollock, Tresa and Weygand, Daniel and Hoffmann, Michael and Gumbsch, Peter} } @article {1566, title = {Serial sectioning in the SEM for three dimensional materials science}, journal = {Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science}, year = {2020}, pages = {100817}, abstract = {

Here we explore the range of serial sectioning techniques that have evolved over the past decade, providing a comprehensive toolkit for capturing rich 3D microstructures, chemistries and crystallographic information, with sub-micron resolution at volumes that extend out to mm3 or even cm3. In each case we consider the challenges associated with their application, the volumes they can analyze, the damage to the surface they impart, and their suitability for different materials. In certain cases these warrant hybrid methods, motivating workflows that leverage multiple sectioning modes within the same instrument. Finally, we provide a perspective on their future development, including advances in data collection, segmentation, registration, data fusion, and correlative microscopy. Furthermore, the exploitation of 3D techniques for a better understanding of existing materials, and the design of new ones, is discussed through their use in multiscale modelling, digital twinning, material informatics and machine learning frameworks.

}, keywords = {Biology, Life sciences, Materials science, Scanning electron microscopy, Serial sectioning}, issn = {13590286}, doi = {10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100817}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100817}, author = {Echlin, Mclean P. and Burnett, Timothy L. and Polonsky, Andrew T. and Pollock, Tresa M. and Withers, Philip J.} } @article {1406, title = {Solidification-driven orientation gradients in additively manufactured stainless steel}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {183}, year = {2020}, pages = {249{\textendash}260}, abstract = {

A sample of 304L stainless steel manufactured by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) was characterized in 3D using TriBeam tomography. The crystallographic, structural, and chemical properties of the as-deposited microstructure have been studied in detail. 3D characterization reveals complex grain morphologies and large orientation gradients, in excess of 10o, that are not easily interpreted from 2D cross-sections alone. Misorientations were calculated via a methodology that locates the initial location and orientation of grains that grow during the build process. For larger grains, misorientation increased along the direction of solidification. For grains with complex morphologies, K-means clustering in orientation space is demonstrated as a useful approach for determining the initial growth orientation. The gradients in misorientation directly tracked with gradients in chemistry predicted by a Scheil analysis. The accumulation of misorientation is linked to the solutal and thermal solidification path, offering potential design pathways for novel alloys more suited for additive manufacturing.

}, keywords = {Additive manufacturing, Microstructure, Solidification, Tomography, Tribeam}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2019.10.047}, author = {Polonsky, Andrew T. and Lenthe, William C. and Echlin, Mclean P. and Livescu, Veronica and Gray, George T. and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @conference {1616, title = {Tuning Strain Localization in Polycrystalline Nickel-Based Superalloys by Thermomechanical Processing}, booktitle = {Superalloys 2020}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {

Thermomechanical processing routes are used to produce microstructures that minimize plastic strain localization at the sub-grain scale in a polycrystalline \γ \− \γ\&$\#$39; nickel- based superalloy. This novel approach is made possible by the use of innovative experimental tools and statistical data analysis that capture slip events over large represen- tative fields of view. Results are correlated to conventional observations of fatigue crack initiation and early stage of propagation. The effect of coherent twin boundaries and primary \γ\&$\#$39; precipitates on fatigue properties and plastic localization is detailed.

}, keywords = {3D microstructure, Annealing twin boundaries, Nickel-based superalloy, Primary γ{\textquoteright} precipitates, Slip bands}, isbn = {9783030518349}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-51834-9}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51834-9_65}, author = {Charpagne, M. A. and Stinville, J. C. and Polonsky, A. T. and Echlin, M. P. and Murray, S. P. and Chen, Z. and Bozzolo, N. and Cormier, J. and Valle, V. and Pollock, T. M.}, editor = {Tin, Sammy and Hardy, Mark and Clews, Justin and Cormier, Jonathan and Feng, Qiang and Marcin, John and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Chris and Suzuki, Akane} } @article {1586, title = {Twin related domain networks in Ren{\'e} 88DT}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {165}, year = {2020}, pages = {110365}, abstract = {

Annealing twins in wrought fcc materials have historically been characterized using simple 2D measures including morphology and volume fraction. Accurately describing twin related domain microstructure requires accounting for their complex 3D structure. A large microstructural volume of a nickel-base alloy Ren\é 88DT has been collected using TriBeam tomography for full characterization of a large number of complete twin related domains. A network based approach enables visualization of twin domain structures. Metrics adapted from graph theory enable the first quantitative 3D microstructure descriptions. The implications for fatigue properties in twinned nickel-base alloys are discussed.

}, keywords = {3D EBSD, Annealing twin boundaries, Graph theory, Nickel-base superalloy, Recrystallization, Tribeam, Twins}, issn = {10445803}, doi = {10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110365}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110365}, author = {Lenthe, William C. and Echlin, Mclean P. and Stinville, Jean C. and De Graef, Marc and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @article {1511, title = {A 3D analysis of the onset of slip activity in relation to the degree of micro-texture in Ti{\textendash}6Al{\textendash}4V}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {181}, year = {2019}, pages = {36{\textendash}48}, abstract = {

The mechanical properties of titanium alloys result from their complex multi-scale microstructural features, including micron scale precipitates and millimeter scale microtextured regions (MTRs). While previous investigations have revealed that the presence of mm-scale MTRs can degrade mechanical properties, particularly fatigue, the accompanying strain localization processes that operate at the microscale within the \α grains in MTRs are not well understood. The present work is a mechanistic investigation of MTRs using crystal plasticity simulations of mm3-scale experimentally captured and synthetically generated 3D microstructure datasets. The explicit modeling of both the \α grains and MTRs in Ti\–6Al\–4V enables assessment of the effect of microtexture and local structure variations within the MTR on overall deformation behavior and the onset of plastic slip in MTRs. The presence of MTRs with a dominant [0001] orientation results in both stress and plastic strain hotspots during the early stages of straining. Crystal plasticity predictions are compared to previous digital image correlation studies on early strain localization. The influence of MTRs on the local stress and strain fields is discussed with regard to the monotonic tension, fatigue and dwell-fatigue behavior of titanium alloys.

}, keywords = {3D EBSD, Crystal plasticity, Macrozones, Microtexture, Titanium alloys}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2019.09.028}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.09.028}, author = {H{\'e}mery, S. and Na{\"\i}t-Ali, A. and Gu{\'e}guen, M. and Wendorf, J. and Polonsky, A. T. and Echlin, M. P. and Stinville, J. C. and Pollock, T. M. and Villechaise, P.} } @article {1351, title = {BisQue for 3D Materials Science in the Cloud: Microstructure{\textendash}Property Linkages}, journal = {Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, pages = {52{\textendash}65}, abstract = {

Accelerating the design and development of new advanced materials is one of the priorities in modern materials science. These efforts are critically dependent on the development of comprehensive materials cyberinfrastructures which enable efficient data storage, management, sharing, and collaboration as well as integration of computational tools that help establish processing\–structure\–property relationships. In this contribution, we present implementation of such computational tools into a cloud-based platform called BisQue (Kvilekval et al., Bioinformatics 26(4):554, 2010). We first describe the current state of BisQue as an open-source platform for multidisciplinary research in the cloud and its potential for 3D materials science. We then demonstrate how new computational tools, primarily aimed at processing\–structure\–property relationships, can be implemented into the system. Specifically, in this work, we develop a module for BisQue that enables microstructure-sensitive predictions of effective yield strength of two-phase materials. Towards this end, we present an implementation of a computationally efficient data-driven model into the BisQue platform. The new module is made available online (web address: https://bisque.ece.ucsb.edu/module_service/Composite_Strength/) and can be used from a web browser without any special software and with minimal computational requirements on the user end. The capabilities of the module for rapid property screening are demonstrated in case studies with two different methodologies based on datasets containing 3D microstructure information from (i) synthetic generation and (ii) sampling large 3D volumes obtained in experiments.

}, keywords = {Cloud-based computing, Homogenization, Materials cyberinfrastructure, Reduced order models}, isbn = {4019201900}, issn = {21939772}, doi = {10.1007/s40192-019-00128-5}, author = {Latypov, Marat I. and Khan, Amil and Lang, Christian A. and Kvilekval, Kris and Polonsky, Andrew T. and Echlin, McLean L.P. and Beyerlein, Irene J. and Manjunath, B. S. and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @article {1386, title = {Computational homogenization for multiscale forward modeling of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of heterogeneous materials}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {158}, year = {2019}, pages = {109945}, abstract = {

We present a computational framework for multiscale forward modeling of ultrasound resonance in heterogeneous materials that accounts for microstructure. The approach includes two steps. The first step is the accurate determination of the elastic properties of heterogeneous materials with finite element simulations on a representative volume element of the microstructure at the mesoscopic length scale. The second step is modeling resonance frequencies of a macroscopic component made of an effective homogeneous medium having the same elastic properties as the actual material with microstructure. The approach is validated in a case study on a Cu\–W two-phase composite, for which resonance frequencies predicted with the proposed framework are compared against the experimental measurements. The present multiscale modeling approach, involving computational homogenization and leveraging 3D microstructure data, showed better accuracy compared to classical Voigt/Reuss bounds often used for forward modeling of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.

}, keywords = {Computational homogenization, Finite elements, Forward modeling, Non-destructive evaluation, Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy}, issn = {10445803}, doi = {10.1016/j.matchar.2019.109945}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.109945}, author = {Latypov, Marat I. and Charpagne, Marie Agathe and Souther, Mason and Goodlet, Brent R. and Echlin, Mclean P. and Beyerlein, Irene J. and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @article {1356, title = {Dislocation dynamics in a nickel-based superalloy via in-situ transmission scanning electron microscopy}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {168}, year = {2019}, pages = {152{\textendash}166}, abstract = {

Micro-tensile specimens of nickel-based superalloy oligocrystals were tested in-situ in an scanning electron microscope in transmission mode (TSEM) enabling observation of dislocations. The dynamics of dislocation motion during tensile loading were captured and correlated with the measured intermittencies during plastic flow recorded by high load- and temporal-resolution sensors. This investigation in particular focused on the dislocation behavior near twin boundaries with different slip configurations. A multiplicity of deformation mechanisms at the dislocation scale were observed within individual slip bands, including precipitate shearing, dislocation decorrelation and antiphase boundary-coupled shearing. These processes affect strain localization near twin boundaries and provide new defect-level insights on plastic localization and fatigue crack initiation in these alloys.

}, keywords = {Dislocations dynamic, In-situ transmission scanning electron microscopy (TSEM), Nickel-based superalloy ren{\'e} 88DT, Plastic localization, STEM detector, Twin boundary}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2018.12.061}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.12.061}, author = {Stinville, J. C. and Yao, Eric R. and Callahan, Patrick G. and Shin, Jungho and Wang, Fulin and Echlin, Mclean P. and Pollock, Tresa M. and Gianola, Daniel S.} } @article {1496, title = {Short crack propagation from cracked non-metallic inclusions in a Ni-based polycrystalline superalloy}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {165}, year = {2019}, pages = {241{\textendash}258}, abstract = {

Fatigue cracks initiating from surface and sub-surface non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) have recently been demonstrated to be a necessary but not sufficient explanation for atypically short low-cycle fatigue life in Inconel 718 alloy at intermediate temperature. Therefore, the early stages of short crack propagation from surface NMIs were investigated in a crystallographic and two-dimensional versus three-dimensional morphological manner after room temperature low cycle fatigue (LCF) testing. In the present investigation, NMIs were purposely pre-cracked using different techniques to suppress the natural crack initiation period and thus the incubation period prior to the early stages of crack propagation. Under such fatigue testing conditions, different mechanisms of crack transmission from pre-cracked NMIs were identified: (i) no propagation, (ii) NMI/adjacent metallic grain interfacial debonding, (iii) transgranular crack propagation within the adjacent metallic grain. Focused-ion-beam cross-section observations of numerous fatigue tested NMIs aimed to define a morphological criterion for non-propagating NMIs. Large cracked NMIs at the surface (2c) with limited extension into the depth (a) did not propagate under such fatigue conditions for 2c/a ratio higher than 3. Furthermore, specific crystallographic relationships between NMIs and the adjacent metallic grain explained different crack propagation configurations from pre-cracked NMIs, i.e. interfacial debonding and transgranular crack propagation involving single or multiple-slip activity.

}, keywords = {Focus-ion-beam cross-section (FIB-cross section), Low cycle fatigue, Non-metallic inclusions, Short crack propagation, Superalloy 718DA}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2018.11.051}, author = {Texier, Damien and Stinville, Jean Charles and Echlin, Mclean P. and Pierret, St{\'e}phane and Villechaise, Patrick and Pollock, Tresa M. and Cormier, Jonathan} } @article {1361, title = {Three-dimensional Analysis and Reconstruction of Additively Manufactured Materials in the Cloud-Based BisQue Infrastructure}, journal = {Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation}, volume = {8}, year = {2019}, pages = {37{\textendash}51}, abstract = {

A microstructure analytics and 3D reconstruction software package, DREAM.3D, was integrated as a module into a cloud-based platform, BisQue. Parallelization of DREAM.3D module executions and the ability to parameterize pipeline variables over a range of values have led to insights about the grain segmentation misorientation tolerance in TriBeam-collected 3D EBSD datasets of additively manufactured materials with complex anisotropic microstructures. Furthermore, a comparison in grain size measurements was made between standard 2D metallographic slices and 3D measures using BisQue\&$\#$39;s parallelized DREAM.3D module executions. The direction of cloud-based data infrastructure and the prospects for impact in material science are also discussed.

}, keywords = {3D materials science, 3D metal printing, Additive manufacturing, Cloud infrastructure, Microstructure analytics, Tomography}, isbn = {4019201900}, issn = {21939772}, doi = {10.1007/s40192-019-00126-7}, author = {Polonsky, Andrew T. and Lang, Christian A. and Kvilekval, Kristian G. and Latypov, Marat I. and Echlin, McLean L.P. and Manjunath, B. S. and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @article {1431, title = {Advanced detector signal acquisition and electron beam scanning for high resolution SEM imaging}, journal = {Ultramicroscopy}, volume = {195}, year = {2018}, pages = {93{\textendash}100}, abstract = {

The advancement of materials science at the mesoscale requires improvements in both sampling volumes/areas and spatial resolution in order to make statistically significant measurements of microstructures that influence higher-order material properties, such as fatigue and fracture. Therefore, SEM-based techniques have become desirable due to improvements in imaging resolution, large sample handling capability, and flexibility for in-situ instrumentation. By using fast sampling of SEM electron detector signals, intrinsic beam scanning defects have been identified that are related to the response time of the SEM electron beam deflectors and electron detectors. Mitigation of these beam scanning defects using detector sampling approaches and an adaptive model for settling time is shown to produce higher resolution SEM images, at faster image acquisition times, with a means to quantify the different response functions for various beam deflectors and detectors including those for electrons and ions.

}, keywords = {High resolution digital image correlation, Image processing, Imaging defects, Scan generator, Scanning electron microscopy, SEM}, issn = {18792723}, doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.08.025}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.08.025}, author = {Lenthe, William C. and Stinville, Jean Charles and Echlin, Mclean P. and Chen, Zhe and Daly, Samantha and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @article {1441, title = {Competing Modes for Crack Initiation from Non-metallic Inclusions and Intrinsic Microstructural Features During Fatigue in a Polycrystalline Nickel-Based Superalloy}, journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science}, volume = {49}, year = {2018}, pages = {3865{\textendash}3873}, abstract = {

Cyclic fatigue experiments in the high and very high cycle fatigue regimes have been performed on a Ren\é 88DT polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy. The microstructural configurations that favor early strain localization and fatigue crack initiation at high temperature from 400\ \°C to 650\ \°C have been investigated. Competing failure modes are observed in the high to the very high cycle fatigue regime. Fatigue cracks initiate from non-metallic inclusions and from intrinsic internal microstructural features. Interestingly, as stresses are reduced into the very high cycle regime, there is a transition to initiation only at crystallographic facets. At higher stress in the high cycle fatigue regime, a significant fraction of specimens initiate cracks at non-metallic inclusions. This transition is analyzed with regard to microstructural features that favor strain localization and accumulate damage early during cycling.

}, isbn = {1166101847803}, issn = {10735623}, doi = {10.1007/s11661-018-4780-3}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4780-3}, author = {Stinville, Jean Charles and Martin, Etienne and Karadge, Mallikarjun and Ismonov, Shak and Soare, Monica and Hanlon, Tim and Sundaram, Sairam and Echlin, McLean L.P. and Callahan, Patrick G. and Lenthe, William C. and Miao, Jiashi and Wessman, Andrew E. and Finlay, Rebecca and Loghin, Adrian and Marte, Judson and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @article {1326, title = {Defects and 3D structural inhomogeneity in electron beam additively manufactured Inconel 718}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {143}, year = {2018}, pages = {171{\textendash}181}, abstract = {

Material structure and defects created during additive manufacturing contribute to the variability in mechanical properties of these parts, limiting their use for critical applications. Three-dimensional crystallographic, structural, and chemical information in electron beam melted Inconel 718 was collected from the sub-micron to the millimeter scale using the TriBeam tomography system. The relationship of defects to the surrounding microstructure has been studied in detail. Lack of fusion defects created sharp discontinuities in the grain morphology that extended several build layers beyond the layer where the defect originated. Nitrides and carbides in the size range of 1.25 \μm to 10 \μm were observed throughout the volume, with pronounced nitride clustering. The similarities between solidification in additive manufacturing and traditional manufacturing processes are demonstrated by the comparable size and distribution of carbides measured for industrial-scale samples of 718. Defects created during additive manufacturing cannot be easily remedied via standard post-processing techniques, and will likely diminish the mechanical performance of additively manufactured parts.

}, keywords = {Additive manufacturing, Electron beam melting, Lack of fusion, Microstructure, Tomography}, issn = {10445803}, doi = {10.1016/j.matchar.2018.02.020}, author = {Polonsky, Andrew T. and Echlin, Mclean P. and Lenthe, William C. and Dehoff, Ryan R. and Kirka, Michael M. and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @article {1346, title = {Fatigue deformation in a polycrystalline nickel base superalloy at intermediate and high temperature: Competing failure modes}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {152}, year = {2018}, pages = {16{\textendash}33}, abstract = {

The microstructural configurations that favor early strain localization and fatigue crack initiation at intermediate and high temperature (400 \°C\–650 \°C) have been investigated using novel experimental techniques, including high resolution digital image correlation and transmission scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic fatigue experiments in the high and low cycle fatigue regimes have been performed on a Ren\é 88DT polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy at temperatures up to 650 \°C and compared to previous fatigue results obtained from tests in the very high cycle fatigue regime. Competing failure modes are observed along with an inversion in the temperature fatigue life dependence of fatigue strength from the low to high cycle fatigue regime. Oxidation-assisted processes are dominant at high applied stresses while cyclic plastic localization and accumulation govern fracture at low applied stresses. In addition, a second competing mode exists in the high and very high cycle fatigue regime from non-metallic inclusions as compared to internal intrinsic initiation sites. The grain-scale features that exhibit strain localization and crack initiation were investigated in detail. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TSEM) and electron channeling contrast imaging have been conducted on samples removed from targeted regions with microstructural configurations that favor crack initiation to characterize the associated dislocation sub-structure and its evolution with temperature. Plasticity is observed to be less localized during cyclic loading at high temperature compared to room temperature. The microstructural features that drive initiation across the temperature range investigated are: twin-parent grains pairs that are at the upper end of the size distribution, are oriented for near maximum elastic modulus mismatch, and have high stresses along planes parallel to the twin boundaries.

}, keywords = {Coherent twin boundary, Elastic anisotropy, Fatigue crack initiation at intermediate and high temperature, High resolution digital image correlation, Microstructural effect, Polycrystalline microstructure, Ren{\'e} 88DT polycrystalline superalloy, Strain localization}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2018.03.035}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.03.035}, author = {Stinville, Jean Charles and Martin, Etienne and Karadge, Mallikarjun and Ismonov, Shak and Soare, Monica and Hanlon, Tim and Sundaram, Sairam and Echlin, Mclean P. and Callahan, Patrick G. and Lenthe, William C. and Miller, V. M. and Miao, Jiashi and Wessman, Andrew E. and Finlay, Rebecca and Loghin, Adrian and Marte, Judson and Pollock, Tresa M.} } @article {1486, title = {Femtosecond laser rejuvenation of nanocrystalline metals}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {156}, year = {2018}, pages = {183{\textendash}195}, abstract = {

Nanocrystalline metals are distinct from traditional engineering materials due to their high concentration of grain boundaries and corresponding structural disorder at grain boundaries. The effect of local disorder in nanocrystalline materials manifests in ways reminiscent of fully amorphous materials, such as mesoscale shear localization and pressure-dependent yielding, owing to the high concentration of grain boundaries and their predominance in governing plasticity. Relaxation processes in nanocrystalline materials that facilitate reconfigurations of grain boundaries and lower their energy, such as low temperature annealing, have been shown to enhance mechanical strength. However, processes that raise the energy of a nanocrystalline metal have not been observed, limiting the tunability of properties and the prospect for suppressing shear localization. Here, we use femtosecond laser processing as a unique non-equilibrium process that can generate complex stress states due to ultrafast electronic excitation and subsequent relaxation events. Experiments on nanocrystalline Al-O and Cu-Zr alloys indicate that sub-ablation femtosecond laser pulses cause up to an 87\% reduction in hardness with no change in grain size, which can be ascribed to grain boundary-mediated processes. Parallels between our results and rejuvenation processes in glassy systems will be discussed in the context of controlling metastable structural configurations through novel processing routes.

}, keywords = {Femtosecond lasers, Grain boundaries, Nanocrystalline, Rejuvenation}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2018.06.027}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.06.027}, author = {Balbus, Glenn H. and Echlin, Mclean P. and Grigorian, Charlette M. and Rupert, Timothy J. and Pollock, Tresa M. and Gianola, Daniel S.} } @article {1461, title = {High-Resolution Deformation Mapping Across Large Fields of View Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Digital Image Correlation}, journal = {Experimental Mechanics}, volume = {58}, year = {2018}, pages = {1407{\textendash}1421}, abstract = {

This paper details the creation of experimental and computational frameworks to capture high-resolution, microscale deformation mechanisms and their relation to microstructure over large (mm-scale) fields of view. Scanning electron microscopy with custom automation and external beam control was used to capture 209 low-distortion micrographs of 360\ \μm \× 360\ \μm each, that were individually correlated using digital image correlation to obtain displacement/strain fields with a spatial resolution of 0.44\ \μm. Displacement and strain fields, as well as secondary electron images, were subsequently stitched to create a 5.7\ mm\ \×\ 3.4\ mm field of view containing 100 million (7678 \× 13,004) data points. This approach was demonstrated on Mg WE43 under uniaxial compression, where effective strain was shown to be relatively constant with respect to distance from the grain boundary, and a noticeable increase in the effective strain was found with an increase in the basal Schmid factor. The ability to obtain high-resolution deformations over statistically relevant fields of view enables large data analytics to examine interactions between microstructure, microscale strain localizations, and macroscopic properties.

}, keywords = {Alignment, Digital image correlation (DIC), Distortion, External scan, Stitching}, issn = {17412765}, doi = {10.1007/s11340-018-0419-y}, author = {Chen, Z. and Lenthe, W. and Stinville, J. C. and Echlin, M. and Pollock, T. M. and Daly, S.} } @article {1436, title = {Measurements of plastic localization by heaviside-digital image correlation}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {157}, year = {2018}, pages = {307{\textendash}325}, abstract = {

In polycrystalline metallic materials, quantitative and statistical assessment of the plasticity in relation to the microstructure is necessary to understand the deformation processes during mechanical loading. Plastic deformation often localizes into physical slip bands at the sub-grain scale. Detrimental microstructural configurations that result in the formation and evolution of slip bands during loading require advanced strain mapping techniques for the identification of these atomically sharp discontinuities. A new discontinuity-tolerant DIC method, Heaviside-DIC, has been developed to account for discontinuities in the displacement field. Displacement fields have been measured at the scale of the physical slip bands over large areas in nickel-based superalloys by high resolution scanning electron microscopy digital image correlation (SEM DIC). However, conventional DIC methods cannot quantitatively measure plastic localization in the presence of discontinuous kinematic fields such as those produced by slip bands. The Heaviside-DIC technique can autonomously detect discontinuities, providing information about their location, inclination, and identify slip systems (in combination with orientation mapping). Using Heaviside-DIC, discontinuities are physically evaluated as sharp shear-localization events, allowing for the quantitative measure of strain amplitude nearby the discontinuities. Measurements using the new Heaviside-DIC technique are compared to conventional DIC methods for identical materials and imaging conditions.

}, keywords = {Discontinuities measurements, High resolution digital image correlation, Ren{\'e} 88DT polycrystalline superalloy, Scanning electron microscopy, Slip band offset, Slip band shearing, Slip system identification, Strain localization}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.013}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.013}, author = {Bourdin, F. and Stinville, J. C. and Echlin, M. P. and Callahan, P. G. and Lenthe, W. C. and Torbet, C. J. and Texier, D. and Bridier, F. and Cormier, J. and Villechaise, P. and Pollock, T. M. and Valle, V.} } @article {1481, title = {Prediction of tensile stiffness and strength of Ti-6Al-4V using instantiated volume elements and crystal plasticity}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {157}, year = {2018}, pages = {21{\textendash}32}, abstract = {

Based on simulations of tensile tests, the macroscopic stiffness and strength of the \α phase of Ti-6Al-4V are estimated. Sets of virtual samples are instantiated using characterization data from three-dimensional electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) scans collected with the TriBeam microscope and local properties extracted from in situ loading high-energy x-ray diffraction (HEXD) experiments. The simulations use a crystal-scale finite element framework to compute the mechanical response of the virtual samples under tensile loading. From the simulation data, mechanical properties are extracted from volume elements ranging in size from a fraction of the gage section to its entire length. To detect macroscopic yield, a flood-fill algorithm is used to identify a zone of plastically deformed finite elements extending through a volume element. Trends in the estimated properties as functions of the volume element size are examined. The lower bound of volume element size necessary to replicate experimentally measured macroscale properties is indicated. The technique and results provide a guideline for estimating macroscale property values in components designed with size smaller than the lower bound due to constraint.

}, keywords = {Crystal plasticity finite element, Stiffness, Titanium, Volume element size, Yield detection}, issn = {13596454}, doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.011}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.011}, author = {Chatterjee, Kamalika and Echlin, Mclean P. and Kasemer, Matthew and Callahan, Patrick G. and Pollock, Tresa M. and Dawson, Paul} } @article {1176, title = {Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy: Defect Observations and Image Simulations}, journal = {Ultramicroscopy }, volume = {186}, year = {2018}, chapter = {49}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.11.004}, author = {Callahan, PG and Stinville, JC and Yao, ER and Echlin, MP and Titus, MS and De Graef, M and Pollock, TM and Gianola, DS} } @article {1446, title = {Electrically pumped continuous wave quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on patterned, on-Axis (001) Si}, journal = {Optics Express}, volume = {25}, year = {2017}, pages = {3927{\textendash}3934}, keywords = {III-V on Silicon, Monolithic Integration, Quantum dot lasers, Silicon Photonics}, isbn = {9784885523069}, issn = {08999406}, doi = {10.1364/ol.42.000338}, author = {Norman, Justin and Kennedy, M.J. and Selvidge, Jennifer and Li, Quang and Wan, Yating and Liu, Alan Y. and Callahan, Patrick G. and Echlin, Mclean P. and Pollock, Tresa M. and Lau, Kei May and Gossard, Arthur C. and Bowers, John E.} } @article {1216, title = {Materials response to glancing incidence femtosecond laser ablation}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {124}, year = {2017}, pages = {46}, chapter = {37}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.10.055}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645416308229}, author = {Echlin, MP and Titus, MS and Gumbsch, P and Pollock, TM} } @article {1221, title = {Measurement of Strain Localization Resulting from Monotonic and Cyclic Loading at 650 oC in Nickel Base Superalloys}, journal = {Experimental Mechanics}, volume = {57}, year = {2017}, pages = {1289{\textendash}1309}, doi = {10.1007/s11340-017-0286-y}, author = {Stinville, J. C. and Echlin, M. P. and Callahan, P. G. and Miller, V. M. and Texier, D. and Bridier, F. and Bocher, P. and Pollock, T. M.} } @article {1236, title = {Microstructural Statistics for Fatigue Crack Initiation in Polycrystalline Nickel-base Superalloys}, journal = {International Journal of Fracture}, volume = {208}, year = {2017}, pages = {240}, chapter = {221}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-017-0241-z}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10704-017-0241-z}, author = {Stinville, JC and Lenthe, William C and Echlin, MP and Callahan, PG and Texier, Damien and Pollock, TM} } @article {1256, title = {Modelling the elastic properties of bi-continuous composite microstructures captured with TriBeam serial-sectioning}, journal = {Computational Materials Science}, volume = {131}, year = {2017}, pages = {187{\textendash}195}, doi = {10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.01.026}, author = {Mignone, Paul J. and Echlin, Mclean P. and Pollock, Tresa M. and Finlayson, Trevor R. and Riley, Daniel P. and Sesso, Mitchell L. and Franks, George V.} } @article {1201, title = {Reconstruction of Laser-Induced Surface Topography from Electron Backscatter Diffraction Patterns}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {23}, year = {2017}, pages = {730{\textendash}740}, doi = {10.1017/s1431927617012326}, author = {Callahan, Patrick G. and Echlin, Mclean P. and Pollock, Tresa M. and Graef, Marc De} } @article {1196, title = {On Slip Initiation in Equiaxed Alpha/Beta Ti-6Al-4V}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {136}, year = {2017}, chapter = {288}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.06.059}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645417305360?via\%3Dihub}, author = {Kasemer, M and Echlin, MP and Stinville, JC and Pollock, TM and Dawson, P} } @article {1241, title = {Three-dimensional texture visualization approaches: theoretical analysis and examples}, journal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography}, volume = {50}, year = {2017}, month = {Jul}, pages = {430{\textendash}440}, doi = {10.1107/s1600576717001157}, author = {Callahan, Patrick G. and Echlin, Mclean and Pollock, Tresa M. and Singh, Saransh and Graef, Marc De} } @article {echlin2016femtosecond, title = {Femtosecond Laser Damage in Metals and Semiconductors During TriBeam Tomography}, journal = {Microsc. Microanal}, volume = {22}, year = {2016}, pages = {3}, author = {Echlin, MP and Titus, M and Lenthe, WC and Straw, M and Gumbsch, P and Pollock, TM and Fraunhofer, IWM} } @article {echlin2016incipient, title = {Incipient slip and long range plastic strain localization in microtextured Ti-6Al-4V titanium}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {114}, year = {2016}, pages = {164{\textendash}175}, publisher = {Pergamon}, author = {Echlin, McLean P and Stinville, Jean Charles and Miller, Victoria M and Lenthe, William C and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {eggeler2016planar, title = {Planar defect formation in the g' phase during high temperature creep in single crystal CoNi-base superalloys}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {113}, year = {2016}, pages = {335{\textendash}349}, publisher = {Pergamon}, author = {Eggeler, YM and M{\"u}ller, J and Titus, MS and Suzuki, A and Pollock, TM and Spiecker, E} } @article {lenthe2016prediction, title = {Prediction of Fatigue-Initiating Twin Boundaries in Polycrystalline Nickel Superalloys Informed by TriBeam Tomography}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {22}, number = {S3}, year = {2016}, pages = {1732{\textendash}1733}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Lenthe, William C and Stinville, Jean-Charles and Echlin, McLean P and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {stinville2016sub, title = {Sub-grain scale digital image correlation by electron microscopy for polycrystalline materials during elastic and plastic deformation}, journal = {Experimental Mechanics}, volume = {56}, number = {2}, year = {2016}, pages = {197{\textendash}216}, publisher = {Springer US}, author = {Stinville, JC and Echlin, MP and Texier, D and Bridier, F and Bocher, P and Pollock, TM} } @article {carpenter2015bulk, title = {Bulk texture evolution of nanolamellar Zr{\textendash}Nb composites processed via accumulative roll bonding}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {92}, year = {2015}, pages = {97{\textendash}108}, publisher = {Pergamon}, author = {Carpenter, JS and Nizolek, T and McCabe, RJ and Knezevic, M and Zheng, SJ and Eftink, BP and Scott, JE and Vogel, SC and Pollock, TM and Mara, NA and others} } @article {titus2015creep, title = {Creep-induced planar defects in L1 2-containing Co-and CoNi-base single-crystal superalloys}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {82}, year = {2015}, pages = {530{\textendash}539}, publisher = {Pergamon}, author = {Titus, Michael S and Eggeler, Yolita M and Suzuki, Akane and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {callahan2015determination, title = {Determination of Surface Topography from Laser Ablation using EBSD}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {21}, number = {S3}, year = {2015}, pages = {2369{\textendash}2370}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Callahan, PG and Echlin, MP and Pollock, TM and De Graef, M} } @article {titus2015dislocation, title = {Dislocation injection in strontium titanate by femtosecond laser pulses}, journal = {Journal of Applied Physics}, volume = {118}, number = {7}, year = {2015}, pages = {075901}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, author = {Titus, Michael S and Echlin, McLean P and Gumbsch, Peter and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {echlin2015situ, title = {In situ Femtosecond Laser and Argon Ion Beams for 3D Microanalysis using the TriBeam}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {21}, number = {S3}, year = {2015}, pages = {1847{\textendash}1848}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Echlin, MP and Lenthe, WC and Douglas, J and Titus, M and Guerts, R and Straw, M and Pollock, TM} } @article {lenthe2015quantitative, title = {Quantitative Analysis of Correlated 3D Strontium Titanate Datasets Collected by TriBeam and Diffraction Contrast Tomography}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {21}, number = {S3}, year = {2015}, pages = {2043{\textendash}2044}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Lenthe, WC and Echlin, MP and Syha, M and Trenkle, A and Gumbsch, P and Pollock, TM} } @article {lenthe2015quantitative, title = {Quantitative voxel-to-voxel comparison of TriBeam and DCT strontium titanate three-dimensional data sets}, journal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography}, volume = {48}, number = {4}, year = {2015}, pages = {1034{\textendash}1046}, publisher = {International Union of Crystallography}, author = {Lenthe, William C and Echlin, MP and Trenkle, Andreas and Syha, Melanie and Gumbsch, Peter and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {douglas2015three, title = {Three-dimensional multimodal imaging and analysis of biphasic microstructure in a Ti{\textendash}Ni{\textendash}Sn thermoelectric material}, journal = {APL Materials}, volume = {3}, number = {9}, year = {2015}, pages = {096107}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, author = {Douglas, Jason E and Echlin, McLean P and Lenthe, William C and Seshadri, Ram and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {echlin2015tribeam, title = {The TriBeam system: Femtosecond laser ablation in situ SEM}, journal = {Materials Characterization}, volume = {100}, year = {2015}, pages = {1{\textendash}12}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Echlin, McLean P and Straw, Marcus and Randolph, Steven and Filevich, Jorge and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {eggeler2014creep, title = {Creep deformation-induced antiphase boundaries in L1 2-containing single-crystal cobalt-base superalloys}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {77}, year = {2014}, pages = {352{\textendash}359}, publisher = {Pergamon}, author = {Eggeler, Yolita M and Titus, Michael S and Suzuki, Akane and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {echlin2014three, title = {Three-dimensional characterization of the permeability of W{\textendash}Cu composites using a new {\textquotedblleft}TriBeam{\textquotedblright} technique}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {64}, year = {2014}, pages = {307{\textendash}315}, publisher = {Pergamon}, author = {Echlin, McLean P and Mottura, Alessandro and Wang, Michael and Mignone, Paul J and Riley, Daniel P and Franks, George V and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {echlin2014three, title = {Three-dimensional sampling of material structure for property modeling and design}, journal = {Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, year = {2014}, pages = {1}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Echlin, McLean P and Lenthe, William C and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {echlin2013ebsd, title = {EBSD Imaging of Femtosecond Laser Ablated Surfaces Using the TriBeam System}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {19}, number = {S2}, year = {2013}, pages = {864{\textendash}865}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press}, author = {Echlin, MP and Titus, M and Kraemer, S and Pollock, T} } @article {pollock2013femtosecond, title = {Femtosecond Laser Tomography Using the TriBeam System}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {19}, number = {S2}, year = {2013}, pages = {698{\textendash}699}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press}, author = {Pollock, TM and Echlin, MP and Mottura, A} } @article {echlin2013statistical, title = {A statistical sampling approach for measurement of fracture toughness parameters in a 4330 steel by 3-D femtosecond laser-based tomography}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {61}, number = {15}, year = {2013}, pages = {5791{\textendash}5799}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Echlin, McLean P and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {echlin2012new, title = {A new TriBeam system for three-dimensional multimodal materials analysis}, journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments}, volume = {83}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, pages = {023701}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, author = {Echlin, McLean P and Mottura, Alessandro and Torbet, Christopher J and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {echlin2012tribeam, title = {The TriBeam System: Femtosecond Laser Based Serial Sectioning}, journal = {Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P. O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 United States.[np]. Jul}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P. O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 United States}, author = {Echlin, Mclean and Mottura, Alessandro and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {miller2011heat, title = {Heat Extraction and Structure Evolution in LMC Single-Crystal Growth}, journal = {Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P. O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 United States.[np]. Feb}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P. O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 United States}, author = {Miller, Jonathan and Yuan, Lang and Eisman, Michael and Lee, Peter and Pollock, Tresa} } @article {echlin2011new, title = {A New Femtosecond Laser-Based Tomography Technique for Multiphase Materials}, journal = {Advanced Materials}, volume = {23}, number = {20}, year = {2011}, pages = {2339{\textendash}2342}, publisher = {Wiley Online Library}, author = {Echlin, McLean P and Husseini, Naji S and Nees, John A and Pollock, Tresa M} } @article {echlin2011tri, title = {The Tri-Beam System: Femtosecond Laser Based Tomography in a Dual-Beam FIB}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {17}, number = {S2}, year = {2011}, pages = {958{\textendash}959}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Echlin, M and Mottura, A and Pollock, T} } @article {evans2009mechanism, title = {A mechanism governing oxidation-assisted low-cycle fatigue of superalloys}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {57}, number = {10}, year = {2009}, pages = {2969{\textendash}2983}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Evans, AG and He, MY and Suzuki, A and Gigliotti, M and Hazel, B and Pollock, TM} } @article {elliott2007thermal, title = {Thermal analysis of the Bridgman and liquid-metal-cooled directional solidification investment casting processes}, journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A}, volume = {38}, number = {4}, year = {2007}, pages = {871{\textendash}882}, publisher = {Springer US}, author = {Elliott, AJ and Pollock, TM} } @booklet {srolovitz2006knowledge, title = {Knowledge Oriented Materials Engineering of Layered Thermal Barrier Systems (NOMELT)}, year = {2006}, publisher = {DTIC Document}, author = {Srolovitz, David and Hemker, Kevin and Evans, Anthony and Hutchinson, John and Pollock, Tresa and Smith, John} } @article {elliott2004directional, title = {Directional solidification of large superalloy castings with radiation and liquid-metal cooling: a comparative assessment}, journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A}, volume = {35}, number = {10}, year = {2004}, pages = {3221{\textendash}3231}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, author = {Elliott, AJ and Pollock, TM and Tin, S and King, WT and Huang, S-C and Gigliotti, MFX} } @conference {elliott2003defect, title = {Defect reduction in large superalloy castings by liquid-tin assisted solidification.}, booktitle = {PARSONS 2003: Sixth International Charles Parsons Turbine Conference}, year = {2003}, pages = {649{\textendash}661}, author = {Elliott, AJ and Pollock, TM and Tin, S and King, WT and Huang, S-C and Gigliotti, MFX} } @article {biery2002use, title = {Use of Weibull statistics to quantify property variability in TiAl alloys}, journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A}, volume = {33}, number = {10}, year = {2002}, pages = {3127{\textendash}3136}, publisher = {Springer}, author = {Biery, Nicholas and De Graef, Marc and Beuth, Jack and Raban, Rafel and Elliott, Andrew and Pollock, Tresa M and AUSTIN, CURT} } @article {pollock2001comparative, title = {A comparative analysis of low temperature deformation in B2 aluminides}, journal = {Materials Science and Engineering: A}, volume = {317}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, pages = {241{\textendash}248}, publisher = {Elsevier}, author = {Pollock, TM and Lu, DC and Shi, X and Eow, K} } @article {eow1998rate, title = {Rate sensitivities for low temperature deformation in ruthenium aluminide alloys}, journal = {Scripta materialia}, volume = {38}, number = {7}, year = {1998}, pages = {1065{\textendash}1069}, publisher = {Pergamon}, author = {Eow, K and Lu, D and Pollock, TM} }